Divine Principle Bible

Exodus 11–20

Text note: Biblical text is presented in the King James tradition. Commentary is devotional and interpretive, drawing on Divine Principle themes through paraphrase rather than direct quotation, with emphasis on final separation from Egypt, firstborn restoration, Passover remembrance, holy days, wilderness training, providential order, covenant formation, and the gift of God’s law.

Exodus 11

11:1And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether. 11:2Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver and jewels of gold. 11:3And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people.

Comment on 11:1–3: I as God of Divine Principle say that the final turning point is now at hand. What was resisted through many stages now approaches completion. The people do not leave Egypt empty because restoration includes the recovery of dignity and substance after a long course of oppression.

11:4And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt: 11:5And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts. 11:6And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. 11:7But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.

Comment on 11:4–7: The issue of the firstborn is central because the providence has always been concerned with the restoration of sonship and lineage. Egypt claimed dominion over God's firstborn people. Now heaven reveals that history cannot continue forever under false ownership.

11:8And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger. 11:9And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. 11:10And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 11 is a threshold chapter. The judgments have steadily exposed Pharaoh's hardness, but now the issue reaches the root of authority and succession. In a fallen world, the firstborn position is tied to dominion, inheritance, and the future. Therefore the final plague is not random. It strikes the false claim at its core.

This chapter also prepares the meaning of consecration in the next chapters. If the firstborn belongs to God, then history cannot be treated as self-owned. Restoration means returning the future, the lineage, and the next generation to heaven.

Exodus 12

12:1And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 12:2This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.

Comment on 12:1–2: I as God of Divine Principle say that with Passover a new history begins. Heaven marks time differently from the fallen world. When restoration reaches a decisive point, even the calendar is reordered around providential deliverance.

12:3Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: 12:4And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. 12:5Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: 12:6And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. 12:7And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. 12:8And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 12:9Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. 12:10And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. 12:11And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD'S passover.

Comment on 12:3–11: Passover is both sacrifice and departure. The lamb, the blood, the unleavened bread, and the haste all show that deliverance is not casual. A people long formed in suffering must now move at heaven's signal.

12:12For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. 12:13And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. 12:14And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

Comment on 12:12–14: The Passover is not to be remembered only once. Victory in providence must be commemorated. Holy days exist because heaven's victories are won through tears, blood, obedience, and exact conditions.

12:15Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel. 12:16And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. 12:17And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever. 12:18In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even. 12:19Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land. 12:20Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread. 12:21Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover. 12:22And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. 12:23For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. 12:24And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. 12:25And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. 12:26And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? 12:27That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD'S passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. 12:28And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

Comment on 12:21–28: The children are to ask, and the parents are to answer. This shows that providence must be transmitted through testimony. Deliverance becomes tradition only when it is taught, explained, and embodied across generations.

12:29And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. 12:30And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. 12:31And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. 12:32Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also. 12:33And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men. 12:34And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders. 12:35And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: 12:36And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians. 12:37And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children. 12:38And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. 12:39And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. 12:40Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. 12:41And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. 12:42It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.

Comment on 12:29–42: What Pharaoh would not yield through repeated warnings is now surrendered in one night. The long 430-year course reaches its turning point on an appointed day. What seemed endless was counted by heaven.

12:43And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof: 12:44But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof. 12:45A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. 12:46In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof. 12:47All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 12:48And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. 12:49One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you. 12:50Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. 12:51And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 12 is one of the great pivot chapters of Scripture because it joins sacrifice, protection, memory, and departure into one holy night. The people do not leave Egypt merely because Pharaoh changes his mind. They leave on the basis of a providential condition centered on the lamb, the blood, obedience, and readiness.

This chapter also explains why holy days matter. A providential victory is not just an event in the past. It becomes a yearly doorway through which later generations remember the heart, cost, and meaning of heaven's work.

Exodus 13

13:1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 13:2Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine.

Comment on 13:1–2: I as God of Divine Principle say that after the judgment on Egypt's firstborn comes the consecration of Israel's firstborn. What is restored must be returned to God. The future of the people cannot belong to the old dominion any longer.

13:3And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten. 13:4This day came ye out in the month Abib. 13:5And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in this month. 13:6Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in the seventh day shall be a feast to the LORD. 13:7Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days; and there shall no leavened bread be seen with thee, neither shall there be leaven seen with thee in all thy quarters. 13:8And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt. 13:9And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD'S law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt. 13:10Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year to year.

Comment on 13:3–10: Deliverance must be remembered in mouth, hand, sight, and annual practice. Restoration is not complete if people forget why they were freed. Memory becomes law, testimony, and culture.

13:11And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers, and shall give it thee, 13:12That thou shalt set apart unto the LORD all that openeth the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which thou hast; the males shall be the LORD'S. 13:13And every firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break his neck: and all the firstborn of man among thy children shalt thou redeem. 13:14And it shall be when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What is this? that thou shalt say unto him, By strength of hand the LORD brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage: 13:15And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem. 13:16And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt.

Comment on 13:11–16: The firstborn principle is tied to redemption. Divine Principle readers can see here the great theme of restoring lost sonship. What was claimed through the fall must be reclaimed and re-offered through providential conditions.

13:17And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt: 13:18But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land of Egypt. 13:19And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you. 13:20And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness. 13:21And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: 13:22He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.

Comment on 13:17–22: Heaven does not always lead by the shortest road. Providence often chooses the longer course when inner preparation is more important than outward speed. Once the people have truly departed, heaven does not leave them alone.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 13 teaches consecration, memory, and guidance. The firstborn belongs to God because the future belongs to God. The people must remember because freedom without providential meaning quickly degenerates into forgetfulness. They must also trust the route of heaven, because the nearest road is not always the road of restoration.

Exodus 14

14:1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 14:2Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, over against Baal-zephon: before it shall ye encamp by the sea. 14:3For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in. 14:4And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so. 14:5And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us? 14:6And he made ready his chariot, and took his people with him: 14:7And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them. 14:8And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. 14:9But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon. 14:10And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD. 14:11And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, hast thou taken us away to die in the wilderness? wherefore hast thou dealt thus with us, to carry us forth out of Egypt? 14:12Is not this the word that we did tell thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we may serve the Egyptians? For it had been better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness.

Comment on 14:1–12: I as God of Divine Principle say that the people have left Egypt outwardly, but their inner fear is not yet fully separated from Egypt. Restoration is not complete when one merely leaves bondage physically; the heart must also be detached from the old master.

14:13And Moses said unto the people, Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which he will shew to you to day: for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to day, ye shall see them again no more for ever. 14:14The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace. 14:15And the LORD said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto me? speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward: 14:16But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea. 14:17And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. 14:18And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen.

Comment on 14:13–18: Faith is not passive resignation. It is calm trust joined to decisive obedience. The sea opens not for a people who merely panic, but for a people who move at heaven's command.

14:19And the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of the cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them: 14:20And it came between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel; and it was a cloud and darkness to them, but it gave light by night to these: so that the one came not near the other all the night. 14:21And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. 14:22And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. 14:23And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. 14:24And it came to pass, that in the morning watch the LORD looked unto the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of the cloud, and troubled the host of the Egyptians, 14:25And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily: so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians. 14:26And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen. 14:27And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. 14:28And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them. 14:29But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. 14:30Thus the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the sea shore. 14:31And Israel saw that great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians: and the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD, and his servant Moses.

Comment on 14:19–31: The Red Sea is not only rescue. It is the decisive judgment that severs the old claim of Egypt over Israel. After this, a new historical stage opens.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 14 is one of the clearest chapters of separation and victory in the providence of restoration. The people are trapped between sea and army, and in that setting their inner condition is revealed. Providence must break not only outward bondage but inward dependence.

Exodus 15

15:1Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spake, saying, I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea. 15:2The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father's God, and I will exalt him. 15:3The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name. 15:4Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea. 15:5The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a stone. 15:6Thy right hand, O LORD, is become glorious in power: thy right hand, O LORD, hath dashed in pieces the enemy. 15:7And in the greatness of thine excellency thou hast overthrown them that rose up against thee: thou sentest forth thy wrath, which consumed them as stubble. 15:8And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered together, the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea. 15:9The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them. 15:10Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank as lead in the mighty waters.

Comment on 15:1–10: I as God of Divine Principle say that after providential victory comes holy song. The people do not merely survive; they testify. Public victory must become public praise.

15:11Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods? who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders? 15:12Thou stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed them. 15:13Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation. 15:14The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina. 15:15Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away. 15:16Fear and dread shall fall upon them; by the greatness of thine arm they shall be as still as a stone; till thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased. 15:17Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of thine inheritance, in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established. 15:18The LORD shall reign for ever and ever.

Comment on 15:11–18: The song looks beyond the sea toward inheritance, sanctuary, and God's reign. Victory is not an end in itself. Each providential triumph opens the way for a greater purpose.

15:19For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea. 15:20And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. 15:21And Miriam answered them, Sing ye to the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea. 15:22So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water. 15:23And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were bitter: therefore the name of it was called Marah. 15:24And the people murmured against Moses, saying, What shall we drink? 15:25And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD shewed him a tree, which when he had cast into the waters, the waters were made sweet: there he made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he proved them, 15:26And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee. 15:27And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water, and threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters.

Comment on 15:19–27: After song comes testing. This is a crucial providential pattern. A people may praise God in victory yet still murmur in the next difficulty. Restoration continues after the victory song.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 15 shows how victory must become remembrance, praise, and renewed responsibility. Yet the same people who sing can soon complain. Therefore heaven proves them at Marah. This teaches that restoration is not completed in one great event.

Exodus 16

16:1And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt. 16:2And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness: 16:3And the children of Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger.

Comment on 16:1–3: I as God of Divine Principle say that after outward deliverance, the inner habits of slavery remain strong. The people remember Egypt as food and security rather than bondage. Restoration must therefore educate desire itself, not only relocate the body.

16:4Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no. 16:5And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. 16:6And Moses and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At even, then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the land of Egypt: 16:7And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and what are we, that ye murmur against us? 16:8And Moses said, This shall be, when the LORD shall give you in the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the full; for that the LORD heareth your murmurings which ye murmur against him: and what are we? your murmurings are not against us, but against the LORD.

Comment on 16:4–8: Heaven answers complaint with provision, yet also with a test. Manna is not merely food. It is training in daily trust, daily order, and daily dependence on God's word rather than on fallen anxiety.

16:9And Moses spake unto Aaron, Say unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, Come near before the LORD: for he hath heard your murmurings. 16:10And it came to pass, as Aaron spake unto the whole congregation of the children of Israel, that they looked toward the wilderness, and, behold, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud. 16:11And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 16:12I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God. 16:13And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. 16:14And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. 16:15And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat. 16:16This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents. 16:17And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less. 16:18And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating.

Comment on 16:9–18: I as God of Divine Principle say that true providence contains both glory and measurement. Heaven provides abundantly, but not lawlessly. The people must learn that blessing comes with order, proportion, and consideration for the whole community.

16:19And Moses said, Let no man leave of it till the morning. 16:20Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses; but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses was wroth with them. 16:21And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melted. 16:22And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the rulers of the congregation came and told Moses. 16:23And he said unto them, This is that which the LORD hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the LORD: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that which ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning. 16:24And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade: and it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein. 16:25And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the LORD: to day ye shall not find it in the field. 16:26Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none. 16:27And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none. 16:28And the LORD said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws? 16:29See, for that the LORD hath given you the sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day. 16:30So the people rested on the seventh day.

Comment on 16:19–30: The Sabbath appears here as a training in rhythm, restraint, and holy trust. Fallen people want to hoard, grasp, and secure themselves. Heaven teaches them to work, receive, stop, and remember.

16:31And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna: and it was like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey. 16:32And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt. 16:33And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot, and put an omer full of manna therein, and lay it up before the LORD, to be kept for your generations. 16:34As the LORD commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the Testimony, to be kept. 16:35And the children of Israel did eat manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat manna, until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan. 16:36Now an omer is the tenth part of an ephah.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 16 is the chapter of heavenly provision and wilderness discipline. The people have crossed the sea, but victory at the sea does not mean maturity of heart. Therefore heaven now feeds them day by day and proves whether they can live in trust rather than complaint.

Manna teaches that life comes from God each day, that community must be governed by fairness, and that providence has rhythm. This is not only about food. It is about re-creating a people whose desires, time, and habits are being separated from Egypt.

Exodus 17

17:1And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink. 17:2Wherefore the people did chide with Moses, and said, Give us water that we may drink. And Moses said unto them, Why chide ye with me? wherefore do ye tempt the LORD? 17:3And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? 17:4And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, What shall I do unto this people? they be almost ready to stone me.

Comment on 17:1–4: I as God of Divine Principle say that even after manna, the people quickly return to fear and accusation. This shows how deep fallen habits run. The central figure must carry the burden of a people who alternate between gratitude and complaint.

17:5And the LORD said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go. 17:6Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel. 17:7And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the LORD, saying, Is the LORD among us, or not?

Comment on 17:5–7: The question “Is the LORD among us, or not?” lies near the root of fallen complaint. Yet heaven still brings water from the rock. Provision continues, but the place is named as a warning.

17:8Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim. 17:9And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek: to morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the rod of God in mine hand. 17:10So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. 17:11And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. 17:12But Moses' hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun. 17:13And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.

Comment on 17:8–13: I as God of Divine Principle say that victory comes through united responsibility. Joshua fights below, Moses intercedes above, and Aaron and Hur support the central figure. Providence advances when the body protects and upholds the mission.

17:14And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. 17:15And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi: 17:16For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 17 joins two wilderness lessons: trust in provision and unity in battle. The people need water, and heaven gives it. Then Amalek attacks, and the people must learn that survival in the providence also requires cooperation under heaven’s order.

This chapter reveals that victory is not produced by human force alone. Moses, Aaron, Hur, and Joshua all have roles. When the central figure weakens, those around him must uphold his hands.

Exodus 18

18:1When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father in law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt; 18:2Then Jethro, Moses' father in law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife, after he had sent her back, 18:3And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land: 18:4And the name of the other was Eliezer; for the God of my father, said he, was mine help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh: 18:5And Jethro, Moses' father in law, came with his sons and his wife unto Moses into the wilderness, where he encamped at the mount of God: 18:6And he said unto Moses, I thy father in law Jethro am come unto thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her. 18:7And Moses went out to meet his father in law, and did obeisance, and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent. 18:8And Moses told his father in law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them. 18:9And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which the LORD had done to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians. 18:10And Jethro said, Blessed be the LORD, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. 18:11Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods: for in the thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them. 18:12And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God.

Comment on 18:1–12: I as God of Divine Principle say that victory should be testified to and recognized. Jethro hears, comes, rejoices, and worships. This shows that the providence is not meant to remain hidden within one circle but to be acknowledged as God’s public work.

18:13And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening. 18:14And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even? 18:15And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people come unto me to enquire of God: 18:16When they have a matter, they come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them know the statutes of God, and his laws. 18:17And Moses' father in law said unto him, The thing that thou doest is not good. 18:18Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee: for this thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone. 18:19Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God shall be with thee: Be thou for the people to God-ward, that thou mayest bring the causes unto God: 18:20And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do. 18:21Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens: 18:22And let them judge the people at all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge: so shall it be easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee. 18:23If thou shalt do this thing, and God command thee so, then thou shalt be able to endure, and all this people shall also go to their place in peace. 18:24So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said. 18:25And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. 18:26And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves. 18:27And Moses let his father in law depart; and he went his way into his own land.

Comment on 18:13–27: Providence also requires structure. Moses is central, but he must not carry every burden alone. True leadership includes delegation, education, and righteous order under God’s direction.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 18 shows a transition from emergency deliverance to public order. A people cannot remain forever in the mode of crisis alone. Once a providential people has been separated from Egypt, it must learn governance, responsibility, and right structure.

Heaven’s work is not only miracles and judgments. It also includes wise systems, capable leaders, and shared responsibility.

Exodus 19

19:1In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai. 19:2For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount. 19:3And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel; 19:4Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles' wings, and brought you unto myself. 19:5Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine: 19:6And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.

Comment on 19:1–6: I as God of Divine Principle say that deliverance from Egypt was not the final goal. It was preparation for covenant. The people are brought out so they may be brought to God.

19:7And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him. 19:8And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the LORD. 19:9And the LORD said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee for ever. And Moses told the words of the people unto the LORD. 19:10And the LORD said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them to day and to morrow, and let them wash their clothes, 19:11And be ready against the third day: for the third day the LORD will come down in the sight of all the people upon mount Sinai. 19:12And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death: 19:13There shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount.

Comment on 19:7–13: Covenant requires preparation, cleansing, and holy boundaries. Fallen humanity cannot approach heaven casually.

19:14And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes. 19:15And he said unto the people, Be ready against the third day: come not at your wives. 19:16And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that was in the camp trembled. 19:17And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. 19:18And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. 19:19And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. 19:20And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up. 19:21And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. 19:22And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them. 19:23And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it. 19:24And the LORD said unto him, Away, get thee down, and thou shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the people break through to come up unto the LORD, lest he break forth upon them. 19:25So Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto them.

Comment on 19:14–25: I as God of Divine Principle say that Sinai reveals My holiness and the seriousness of covenant. Before the law can be given, the people must know the awe, order, and gravity of God’s approach.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 19 is the chapter of covenant formation at Sinai. The people are not merely rescued slaves. They are being shaped into a holy nation. Therefore the mountain scene is full of sanctification, boundaries, preparation, and awe.

Exodus 20

20:1And God spake all these words, saying, 20:2I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 20:3Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 20:4Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: 20:5Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; 20:6And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. 20:7Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. 20:8Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 20:9Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: 20:10But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: 20:11For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

Comment on 20:1–11: I as God of Divine Principle say that the first commandments restore vertical order: one God, no idols, reverence for the divine name, and holy time. A restored people must first be aligned in heart, worship, and rhythm.

20:12Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. 20:13Thou shalt not kill. 20:14Thou shalt not commit adultery. 20:15Thou shalt not steal. 20:16Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 20:17Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

Comment on 20:12–17: These commandments govern family, life, marriage, property, truth, and desire. The law guards the very realms damaged by the fall: love, lineage, trust, and right dominion.

20:18And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off. 20:19And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die. 20:20And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not. 20:21And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. 20:22And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. 20:23Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold. 20:24An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee. 20:25And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it. 20:26Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon.

Comment on 20:18–26: Holy fear is meant to preserve the people from sin. The mediator draws near where the people cannot yet stand. Heaven’s altar must not be mixed with human pride or fallen display.

God of Original Ideal Commentary

I as God of Divine Principle say that Exodus 20 is one of the great covenant chapters of the Bible because here the liberated people receive God’s law. Deliverance from Egypt was necessary, but without divine principle and commandment, freedom would easily collapse into disorder.

The Ten Commandments are not arbitrary restrictions. They protect the core areas of life damaged by the fall: worship, love, lineage, truth, property, and desire. They restrain the fallen nature and establish a minimum order by which a people can remain under heaven’s blessing.